Abstract
The main problem in this study is the existence of high welfare imbalances in Indonesia, even though there have been efforts to increase the HDI (HDI) and poverty alleviation through zakat. The high unemployment rate is also a factor that worsens the conditions of the underprivileged in various regions. Thus, this study aims to identify how much influence the HDI, unemployment, and zakat have on the level of underprivileged people and to explore the role of economic growth as a moderating variable that can strengthen or weaken the relationship. In the context of social and economic inequality, which is still significant in Indonesia, understanding the interaction between these factors is very important for formulating effective policies to improve people's welfare. The novelty of this study lies in integrating economic growth variables as a moderation, which provides a new and relevant perspective for the analysis of socio-economic dynamics. This study uses panel data from all provinces in Indonesia from 2019-2023. The research data is secondary data from primary sources from the Central Statistics Agency, the Ministry of Finance, and Zakat institutions. The results show that the HDI and zakat significantly positively impact the level of underprivileged people in Indonesia by improving people's welfare. On the contrary, the unemployment rate negatively contributes to welfare. Economic growth is proven to moderate the relationship between HDI, zakat, and the level of the underprivileged, strengthening the positive impact of HDI and zakat and reducing the negative effect of unemployment on the level of the underprivileged. This means that strong economic growth can increase the effectiveness of policies related to human development and zakat distribution while reducing the negative impact of unemployment on community welfare. This research aims to produce more effective inclusive and sustainable development policy formulations and strategies. These findings provide important insights for policymakers in efforts to reduce the level of the underprivileged by increasing HDI, reducing unemployment, and optimizing zakat. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of economic growth in increasing the effectiveness of development policies and zakat redistribution and overcoming unemployment to achieve better welfare. Policies that promote economic growth and improve HDI and zakat programs are expected to improve the condition of underprivileged people in Indonesia.

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